Signing outgoing email with S/MIME

Notification emails sent by GitLab can be signed with S/MIME for improved security.

Be aware that S/MIME certificates and TLS/SSL certificates are not the same and are used for different purposes: TLS creates a secure channel, whereas S/MIME signs and/or encrypts the message itself

Enable S/MIME signing

This setting must be explicitly enabled and a single pair of key and certificate files must be provided:

• Both files must be PEM-encoded.
• The key file must be unencrypted so that GitLab can read it without user intervention.
• Only RSA keys are supported.

Optionally, you can also provide a bundle of CA certs (PEM-encoded) to be included on each signature. This will typically be an intermediate CA.

WARNING: Be mindful of the access levels for your private keys and visibility to third parties.

For Omnibus installations:

1. Edit /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb and adapt the file paths:

   gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_smime_enabled'] = true
   gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_smime_key_file'] = '/etc/gitlab/ssl/gitlab_smime.key'
   gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_smime_cert_file'] = '/etc/gitlab/ssl/gitlab_smime.crt'
   # Optional
   gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_smime_ca_certs_file'] = '/etc/gitlab/ssl/gitlab_smime_cas.crt'

2. Save the file and reconfigure GitLab for the changes to take effect.

The key needs to be readable by the GitLab system user (git by default).

For installations from source:

1. Edit config/gitlab.yml:

   email_smime:
     # Uncomment and set to true if you need to enable email S/MIME signing (default: false)
     enabled: true
     # S/MIME private key file in PEM format, unencrypted
     # Default is '.gitlab_smime_key' relative to Rails.root (i.e. root of the GitLab app).
     key_file: /etc/pki/smime/private/gitlab.key
     # S/MIME public certificate key in PEM format, will be attached to signed messages
     # Default is '.gitlab_smime_cert' relative to Rails.root (i.e. root of the GitLab app).
     cert_file: /etc/pki/smime/certs/gitlab.crt
     # S/MIME extra CA public certificates in PEM format, will be attached to signed messages
     # Optional
     ca_certs_file: /etc/pki/smime/certs/gitlab_cas.crt

2. Save the file and restart GitLab for the changes to take effect.

The key needs to be readable by the GitLab system user (git by default).

How to convert S/MIME PKCS#12 / PFX format to PEM encoding

Typically S/MIME certificates are handled in binary PKCS#12 format (.pfx or .p12 extensions), which contain the following in a single encrypted file:

• Public certificate
• Intermediate certificates (if any)
• Private key

To export the required files in PEM encoding from the PKCS#12 file, the openssl command can be used:

#-- Extract private key in PEM encoding (no password, unencrypted)
$ openssl pkcs12 -in gitlab.p12 -nocerts -nodes -out gitlab.key

#-- Extract certificates in PEM encoding (full certs chain including CA)
$ openssl pkcs12 -in gitlab.p12 -nokeys -out gitlab.crt